Cap Rate as the Interpretative Variable of the Urban Real Estate Capital Asset: A Comparison of Different Sub\u2010Market Definitions in Palermo, Italy

Real estate capital is in constant competition with other capital assets due to its different and complementary economic functions such as direct use, productive investment, and speculative investment. These features and the resulting opportunities cannot be easily deduced from direct observation of the real estate markets, so some further insights need to be carried out in order to highlight the relationship between prices, rents and performances. This study aims at providing a multifaceted perspective of a specific urban real estate market to overcome the difficulties arising from opacities and informative asymmetries that hinder the decision of investors, by facilitating the comparison of different options such as capital value, income and performance. Within the mass appraisal approach, the study proposes a methodology for the analysis of the cap rate, intended as the expression of profitability and liquidity of the urban real estate capital asset. The methodology is based on a detailed survey of a sample of the housing market data, collected within a structured database, supported by statistical and territorial analyses of the sample, in order to display the range of cap rates featuring each sub\u2010market, and the related distributions. The methodology is applied to a case study of nearly 1000 properties distributed in a vast urban area of the municipality of Palermo, Italy. The consistency of the relationships between the three variables has been tested with reference to two hypotheses about the sub\u2010market definition, which has been carried out by cluster and by neighbourhood

Una máscara teatral de doble cara preservada en el museo de Lipari (Mesina): estudio y reconstrucción 3d mediante equipo portátil

[EN] The new tools for 3D survey and modelling (as portable scanners and software packages), often in combination with diagnostics, are nowadays able to provide indispensable elements for the study of archaeological artefacts; their applications to museum’s heritage can be also useful to integrate the traditional graphic documentation and contribute to enhancement and dissemination. This paper shows the benefit of using the aforementioned tools to study the peculiar clay mask No. 11114-E, discovered in 1973 in the Greek necropolis of Lipára, inside tomb No. 1558. The specimen, now exhibited in the Classical Section of the Aeolian Museum, is considered unique both in the Aeolian Islands and in the ancient Greek world, as it is the only one merging two half faces attributable to different characters. This feature, unknown at the time of discovery, has been highlighted in 2018, thanks to a restoration intervention by which a hard concretion layer covering a large portion of the mask surface was removed, bringing to light a smiling young half-face next to an old one with Silenic features. In 2019, the mask was surveyed in situ through a portable and performing laser-scanner arm (the QuantumTM FaroArm by FARO) to produce a high-resolution 3D model useful to enhance the reading of the two halves (not evident enough, due to its state of preservation). The data processing was performed using the Geomagic Wrap software, able to align and merge multiple scans into a single model and to export results in multiple formats, easily shareable and viewable in free software or via the web. Finally, thanks to this method, the successful generation of a digital replica was performed; the resulting replica is useful for dissemination and as a support for the hypothetical reconstruction of the two prototypes taken as models by the craftsman who created the mask.Highlights:A 'mobile laboratory’ consisting of portable equipment has been set up to perform 3D metric surveys on a selection of artefacts preserved at the Museum of Lipari.By means of an ultra-precision laser-scanner arm, a 3D survey on a miniaturistic double-faced mask, belonging to the classical theatrical terracotta, has been performed.A geometrically accurate and realistic 3D final model has been created. This helped the study and reconstruction of the two characters composing the mask.[ES] Las nuevas herramientas para el levantamiento y el modelado en 3D (como son los escáneres portátiles y los paquetes de software), a menudo en combinación con equipos diagnósticos, pueden hoy en día proporcionar elementos indispensables para el estudio de objetos arqueológicos; sus aplicaciones al patrimonio del museo también pueden ser útiles para integrar la documentación gráfica tradicional y contribuir a su mejora y divulgación. Este artículo se refiere al estudio de un hallazgo peculiar procedente de la necrópolis griega de Lipára: la máscara de arcilla nº. 11114-E, descubierta en 1973 en el interior de la tumba nº. 1558 y ahora exhibida en la Sección Clásica del Museo Eólica. El espécimen se considera único, tanto en las Islas Eolias como en el mundo griego antiguo, ya que es la única que fusiona dos mitades atribuibles a diferentes personajes. Esta característica, desconocida en el momento del descubrimiento, se ha destacado en 2018, gracias a la intervención de restauración mediante la cual se ha eliminado una capa dura que cubre gran parte de la superficie de la máscara, sacando a la luz una media cara sonriente y joven, junto a una cara que muestra indicadores de vejez con rasgos selénicos. En 2019, la máscara se levantó in situ con un brazo de escáner láser portátil y funcional (FaroArm QuantumTM de FARO), con el objetivo de generar un modelo 3D de alta resolución útil que mejorara la lectura de las dos mitades (no visible debido a su estado de conservación). El procesamiento de datos se ha llevado a cabo empleando el software Geomagic Wrap capaz de alinear y fusionar múltiples escaneados en un solo modelo y exportarlo en múltiples formatos, fácilmente compartibles y visibles en software libre o vía web. Este método permitió, finalmente, la generación de una réplica digital que podría servir tanto para su divulgación, como de soporte que permita la reconstrucción hipotética de los dos prototipos que presumiblemente fueron de modelo para el artesano al crear la máscara.The writing of this paper was supported by the project “IDEHA-Innovation for Data Elaboration in Heritage Areas” (DUS.AD017.087).Giuffrida, D.; Mollica Nardo, V.; Adinolfi, O.; Mastelloni, MA.; Ponterio, RC. (2021). A theatrical double-faced mask preserved at the Museum of Lipari (Messina): study and 3D reconstruction through portable equipment. Virtual Archaeology Review. 12(24):39-48. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2021.13916OJS39481224Alby, E., Vigouroux, E., & Elter, R. (2019). Implementation of survey and three-dimensional monitoring of archaeological excavations of the Khirbat al-Dusaq site, Jordan. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W15, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W15-41-2019Barba, S. (2008). Tecniche digitali per il rilievo di contatto. Salerno: CUES.Barba, S., Fiorillo F., Ortiz Coder P., D'Auria S., & De Feo E. (2011). An application for cultural heritage in Erasmus placement. Surveys and 3D cataloging archaeological finds, in Mérida (Spain). The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XXXVIII-5/W16, 213-218. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXVIII-5-W16-213-2011Barbanera, M. (2018). Introduzione. Nella vita sta già la morte: Ade e Dioniso sono uguali. Sapienza Università di Roma: Scienze Dell'antichità (Vol. 24.3).Barrile, V., Fotia, A., Ponterio, R., Mollica Nardo, V., Giuffrida, D., & Mastelloni, M.A. (2019). A combined study of art works preserved in the archaeological museums: 3D survey, spectroscopic approach and augmented reality. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W11, 201-207. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W11-201-2019Bearzot C., Landucci F., & Zecchini G. (2007). L'Onomasticòn di Giulio Polluce: tra lessicografia e antiquaria, vita e pensiero. Italy: Vicenza.Bernabò Brea, L., & Cavalier, M. (1981). Menandro e il teatro greco nelle terracotte liparesi. Genova: SAGEP.Bernabò Brea, L., & Cavalier, M. (1991). Meligunìs Lipára, V. Scavi nella necropoli greca di Lipari. Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider.Bernabò Brea, L., & Cavalier, M. (1965). Meligunìs Lipára, II. La necropoli greca e romana nella contrada Diana. Palermo.Bernabò Brea, L., & Cavalier, M. (2000). Meligunìs Lipára, X. Scoperte e scavi archeologici nell'area urbana e suburbana di Lipari. Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider.Bernabò Brea, L., & Cavalier, M. (2001). Maschere e personaggi del teatro greco nelle terrecotte liparesi. Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider.Bernabò Brea, L., & Cavalier, M. (2001). Meligunis Lipara. XI. Gli scavi nella necropoli greca e romana di Lipari nell'are del terreno vescovile. Palermo: L'Erma di Bretschneider.Bernabò Brea, L., (1974). Maschere della commedia nuova di Lipari e di Centuripe. Dioniso», 45(1971/74), 167-180.Bernabò Brea, L., Coen, C., & Descœudres J. (1992). Masks and characters of the Greek theatre in the terracottas of ancient Lipara. Mediterranean Archaeology, 5/6, 23-31. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i24666700Bertacchini, P. A., Bilotta, E., Pantano, P. S., Battiato, S., Cronin, M., Blasi, G. D., Talarico A., & Tavernise, A. (2007). Modelling and Animation of Theatrical Greek Masks in an Authoring System. Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference, Trento, Italy. https://doi.org/10.2312/LocalChapterEvents/ItalChap/ItalianChapConf2007/191-198Bitossi, G., Giorgi, R., Mauro, M., Salvadori, B., & Dei, L., (2006). Spectroscopic techniques in cultural heritage conservation: a survey. Journal Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 40(3), 187-228. https://doi.org/10.1081/ASR-200054370Cavalier, M. 1999. La fondazione della Lipàra cnidia, in La colonisation grecque en Méditerranée occidentale, Actes de la rencontre scientifique en hommage à Georges Vallet (pp. 293-302). Rome.Clementi, C., Miliani, C., Romani, A., Santamaria, U., Morresi F., Mlynarska, K., Favaro, G. (2009). In-situ fluorimetry A powerful non-invasive diagnostic technique for natural dyes used in artefacts. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 71(5), 2057- 2062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2008.08.006Crisà, A. 2008. Maschere teatrali nella Sicilia settentrionale: tra collezionismo antiquario e ricerca archeologica Stratagemmi. Prospettive Teatrali 8, 11-45.De Cesare, M., & Portale, E. C., (2019). Maschere e imagerie teatrale nella necropoli liparese di IV-III sec. a.C.: oggetti e immagini in contesto. Scienze dell'Antichità, 24(3), 99-139.Fatta, F., Marraffa, A. (2018). The Classical Theatre and the Material Culture. The Example of Lipari's Masks. In: Amoruso G. (eds) Putting Tradition into Practice: Heritage, Place and Design. INTBAU 2017. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 3. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57937-5_70Fazio, L., & Lo Brutto, M. (2020), 3D survey for the archaeological study and virtual reconstruction of the "Sanctuary of Isis" in the ancient Lilybaeum (Italy). Virtual Archaeology Review, 11(22), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.11928Giuffrida D., Mollica Nardo, V., Giacobello, F., Adinolfi, O., Mastelloni, M. A., Toscano, G., & Ponterio R. C. (2019). Combined 3D surveying and raman spectroscopy techniques on artifacts preserved at archaeological museum of Lipari. Heritage, 2, 2017-2027. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030121Giuffrida, D. (2019). A double faced mask from Lipari. Retrieved from https://skfb.ly/6RuNMGraepler, D. (1997). Tofiguren in Grab. Fundkontexte hellenistischer Terrakotten aus des Nekropole von Tarant, Munich.Gonizzi Barsanti, S., & Guidi, G. (2013). 3D digitization of museum content within the 3dicons project. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, II-5/W1. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-W1-151-2013Hess, M., & Robson, S. (2012). 3D imaging for museum artefacts: a portable test object for heritage and museum documentation of small objects. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XXXIX-B5,103-108. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXIX-B5-103-2012Ingoglia, C., (2007). La necropoli greco-romana di Lipari: storia degli scavi e prospettive di ricerca. Sicilia Antiqua, 4.La Torre, G. F. (2019). Theatrical masks and the cult of Dionysus in Lipari. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 7(1) Suppl. https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2019.7.2243Marraffa, A. (2017). La Cultura Materiale del Mediterraneo Studio e Analisi Delle Maschere Liparote di Argomento Teatrale Della Coroplastica Magno-Greca per la Compilazione di un Protocollo (digitale) e di Integrazione Dati. Ph.D. Thesis, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Italy.Martinelli, M. C., & Vilardo, R. (2019). Through the theatrical mask. The Archaeological Museum of Lipari. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 7(1) Suppl. https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2019.7.2245Martinelli, M. C., & Mastelloni, M. A. (2015). Isole Eolie. Il museo archeologico. Palermo: Assessorato dei Beni Culturali e dell'Iidentità Siciliana.Mastelloni, M. A. (2018). Le maschere fittili di Lipari: nuove riflessioni sulle espressioni artigianali liparesi di IV e III sec. a.C., Dialoghi sull'Archeologia della Magna Grecia e del Mediterraneo (pp. 709-720). Pandemos Editore: Paestum, Italy.Mastelloni, M. A., & Spigo U. (1998). Agli albori della ricerca archeologica nelle Eolie: scavi e scoperte a Lipari nel XIX secolo. Palermo: Regione siciliana.Mastelloni, M. A. (2015). Volti divini e figure umane a Lipára, in Eadem (a cura di). In Lipára ed il teatro in età tardoclassica ed ellenistica (pp. 13-38). Palermo: Regione siciliana.Montusiewicz, J., Barszcz, M., & Dziedzic, K. (2019). Photorealistic 3D Digital Reconstruction of a Clay Pitcher. Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 13(4), 255-263. https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/113276Musumeci, A. (2010). Le terracotte figurate dalla necropoli di contrada Casino in Centuripe (pp. 39-114). Enna: IBAM Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentali CNR.Nishanbaev, I. (2020). A web repository for geo-located 3D digital cultural heritage models. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 16, e00139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2020.e00139Ridgway, D. (2004). The Archaeology of the Aeolian Islands. The Classical Review, 54(1), 214-215. https://doi.org/10.1093/cr/54.1.214Russo, M., Remondino, F., & Guidi, G. (2011). Principali tecniche e strumenti per il rilievo tridimensionale in ambito archeologico. Archeologia e calcolatori, 22, 169-198.Schwarzmaier, A., (2011). Die Masken aus der Nekropole von Lipari: Palilia 21. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.Santos, P., Ritz, M., Fuhrmann, C., & Fellner, D. (2017). 3D mass digitization: a milestone for archeological documentation. Virtual Archaeology Review, 8(16), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2017.6321Simon, K., Michelle, A., & Scott, C. (2009). Close-Range 3D Laser Scanning and Virtual Museums: Beyond Wonder Chambers and Cabinets of Curiosity? In: Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), Williamsburg, Virginia.Tucci, G., Cini, D. & Nobile, A. (2011). Effective 3D digitization of archaeological artifacts for interactive virtual museum. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XXXVIII-5/W, 413-420. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXVIII-5-W16-413-2011Vernant, J. P., & Vidal Naquet, P. (1985). Mito e tragedia. Torino: Einaudi.White, S. 2015. Virtual Archaeology - The NextEngine desktop laser scanner. Archaeology International, 18, 41-44. http://doi.org/10.5334/ai.180

Explaining factors leading to community acceptance of wind energy. Results of an expert assessment

The present article deals with two key drivers of social acceptance of wind energy: procedural justice and distributional justice. It is based on a comparative expert assessment carried out in the frame of the Horizon 2020 project WinWind covering six European countries. The focus of the paper is on procedural and financial participation of citizens and local stakeholders in wind energy projects. The first part covers institutional arrangements for public engagement in two areas of the decision-making process—wind turbine zoning/siting in spatial plans and authorization procedures. Here, three levels of public involvement—information, consultation and participation—were analyzed. The second part examines active and financial participation of citizens and local stakeholders. Here, we distinguish between two different modes of governance: institutionalized forms of public governance and voluntary forms of corporate governance. The outcomes suggest that concrete paths to the social acceptance of wind energy are fostered via appropriate institutional spaces for public engagement. Furthermore, missing opportunities for active and passive financial participation can have strong negative consequences for community acceptance